- Jahrgang 57 (2014)
- Vol. 57 (2014)
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- Ausgabe 1
- Nr. 1
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- Seiten 201 - 208
- pp. 201 - 208
Defense Challenges for the Capital of the Xi Xia (Tangut) Kingdom: Evidence from Research on Khara-Khoto Documents from around 1210
Seiten 201 - 208
DOI https://doi.org/10.13173/centasiaj.57.2014.0201
In this paper, after deciphering two official documents, I found that the Xi Xia government tried to gather imperial guards from among the servants in the emperor's living rooms from frontier areas such as Khara-Khoto in the year after the Mongol invasion; however, it proved to be a difficult task. The additional law established around that time rendered stricter punishment for personnel who failed to report for duty. As a result of my research, we find that around 1210, it was difficult for the Xi Xia government to recruit guard soldiers for the capital.
西夏的首都防衛態勢―從1210 年前後的黑水城文書談起―
這篇論文裡, 我解讀了兩件西夏文的官文書。這些文書都寫於1210 年,這時候西夏多次被蒙古帝國侵略。這些都是命令文書，內容是從邊境(黑水城,等等)召集守衛宮殿的士兵，可是根據解讀文書的結果可知，士兵不按預定計劃接受召集。這時候編寫的《亥年新法》裡, 對不按預訂計劃接受召集前來守衛宮殿的士兵，強化了處罰規定。經過考察我認為,這些資料表示當時的西夏出現了連守衛宮殿也有困難的情況, 也表示西夏的國力已經開始下降了。
1 This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI (22251008), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) and KAKENHI (24520798), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C).
2 See Evgenij Ivanovich Kychanov, “Tangutsko-tatarskaya granitsa v pervoj chetverti XIII v; po tekctu Novyv zakonov Sya”, Tyurkie narody Evrazii v drevnocti I srednevekobie 2011, pp. 214–227.
3 See Evgenij Ivanovich Kychanov, “A Tangut Document of 1224 from Khara Khoto”, AOASH 2.24 (1971), pp. 189–201; Kychanov, “Dokladnaya zapiska pomoshchnika komanduyushchego Khara-Khoto (mart 1225g.)”, Picimennye pamyatniki Vostoka. Istoriko-filologicheskie issledobaniya. Ezhegodnik 1972. Moscow: Nauka (1977), pp. 139–145; Matsuzawa Hiroshi 松澤博, “Sobieto tōyōgaku kenkyūsyo reningurādo shibu zō no. 2736 monjo ni tsuite” ソビエト東洋學研究所レニングラード支部蔵 no.2736 文書について, Tōyō shien 東洋史苑 23 (1984), pp. 67–87; Nie Hongyin 聶鴻音, “Guanyu Heishuicheng de liangjian Xi Xia wenshu” 關於黑水城的兩件西夏文書, Zhonghua wenshi luncong 中華文史論叢 63 (2000), pp. 133–146); Sato Takayasu 佐藤貴保, (Translated into Chinese by Feng Peihong 馮培紅 and Wang Lei 王蕾) “Xi Xia moqi Heishuicheng de zhuangkuang; cong liang jian Xi Xia wen wenshu tanqi” 西夏末期黑水城的狀況;從兩件西夏文文書談起, Dunhuang xue jikan 敦煌學輯刊 (2013.1), pp. 163–180.
4 See St. Petersburg Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Nationality Studies of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; and Shanghai Chinese Classics Publishing House, eds., Eluosi Kexue yuan Dongfang Yanjiusuo Shengbidepu Fensuo cang Heishuicheng Wenxian 俄羅斯科學院東方研究所聖彼得堡分所藏黑水城文獻 (Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe, 1996–2012; hereafter cited as EH) 14, p. 5.
5 See Song shi, 宋史 (rpt. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1985) 485, p. 13994.
6 See Sato Takayasu, “Seika jidai ni okeru Kokuga ryūiki no kōtsū ro” 西夏時代における黑河流域の交通路, Shen Weirong 沈衛榮, Nakawo Masayoshi 中尾正義, and Shi Jinbo 史金波 (eds), Heishuicheng renwen yu huanjing yanjiu—Heishuicheng renwen yu huanjing guoji xueshu taolunhui wenji 黑水城人文與環境研究―黑水城人文與環境國際學術討論会文集 (Beijing: Renmin U. P., 2007), pp. 455–457.
7 See EH 13, p. 252.
8 Many Khara-Khoto documents were carried from other regions as mending paper for sutras and other purposes. Therefore, it is possible that this document was unconnected to Khara-Khoto.
9 See Sato Takayasu, “Seika no futatsu no kanryō shūdan: jūni seiki kōhan ni okeru kanryō toyō hō” 西夏の二つの官僚集圑; 十二世紀後半における官僚登用法, TSK, vol. 66, no. 3 (2007), p. 56. Hereafter cited as SFK.
10 In the eighth article of chap. 17. See EH 9, p. 262.
11 In article 1320, chap. 18. See EH 8, p. 347 and Sato Takayasu, “Seika hōten bōeki kanren jōbun yakuchū” 西夏法典貿易關連條文譯注, in Moriyasu Takao 森安孝夫 ed., Shirukurōdo to sekaishi シルクロードと世界史 (Toyonaka: Osaka University Graduate School of Letters, 2003), pp. 224–225. The article number of the Tiansheng Code is based on Evgenij Ivanovich Kychanov, Izmenennij i zanovo utverzhdennyj kodeks deviza tsarstvovaniya Nebesnoe protsvetanie (1149–1169) (Moscow: Nauka, 1987–1989).
12 See Song shi, 宋史 (rpt. Beijing: Zhonghua, 1985) 485, p. 13995.
13 See SFK, pp. 34–66.
14 See Yuan shi, 元史 (rpt. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1976) 1, p. 14.
15 See Jin shi, 金史 (rpt. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1975) 13, p. 2871.
16 See Hoshi Ayao 星斌夫, “Mōko no dai san kai Seika shinkō ni tsuite” 蒙古の第三回西夏侵寇について, TYGH, vol. 28 (1941), pp. 110–121, 129–131.
17 See New Law of the Year of the Boar, the first article of chap. 4. See EH 9, p. 154.
18 See EH 9, p. 280.
19 See EH 9, p. 281.
20 See EH 9, p. 282.
