- Jahrgang 57 (2014)
- Vol. 57 (2014)
- >
- Ausgabe 1
- Nr. 1
- >
- Seiten 15 - 25
- pp. 15 - 25
On the Tangut Verb Phrase in The Sea of Meaning, Established by the Saints
Seiten 15 - 25
DOI https://doi.org/10.13173/centasiaj.57.2014.0015
Compared with other Tangut material, the
西夏《聖立義海》中的動詞句結構已故克恰諾夫博士遺下西夏學上的偉大成就。博士的《聖立義海研究》是有名的一書。俄国東洋文献研究所所蔵十二世紀印刷的西夏刊本《聖立義海》。根据本書、我考察了西夏語法、特別動詞句。《聖立義海》供給貴重的例句(前綴詞、否定詞等)。在有関文献、1)西夏語動詞前綴詞(称為〈前綴詞1〉)機能作為〈指示動作方向〉、不是〈指示行為完了〉。2)在否定構文、観察二層結構:a 否定前綴詞-動詞詞幹-助動詞,b 動詞詞幹-否定前綴詞-助動詞。
1 The corpus of his excellent works was published in 2008. See Кычанов Е. И., Историятангутского государства. (St. Petersburg: Факультет филологии и искусств Санкт –Петербургского государственного университета, 2008). See his bibliography in Тангуты вЦентральной Азии – Сборник статей в честь 80-летия профессора Е.И. Кычанова, (Moscow: Издательская фирма «Восточная литература», 2012), pp. 15–57.
2 For a general study of Sea of Meanings, see E. I. Kychanov 克恰諾夫, Li Fanwen 李範文 and Luo Maokun 羅矛昆, Shengli yihai yanjiu 聖立義海研究 (Yinchuan: Ningxia renmin chubanshe, 1995) and Кычанов Е. И., MoPe значений, установленных святыми. Изданиетекста, предисловие, перевод с тангутского, комментарий и приложения Е. И. Кычанова. (St. Petersburg: Центр «Петербургское Востоковедение», 1997).
3 The following abbreviations apply: AV: auxiliary verb, CM: case marker, Neg: negation, O: object, Pref1/2/3: prefix series 1, 2 or 3, S: subject, Suff: suffix, V: verb, 1sg: first person singular.
4 The samples of Verb Complex and Verb Agreement are from Arakawa Shintarō 荒川慎太郎, Seika-bun Kongō-kyō no kenkyū 西夏文金剛経の研究 (Ph.D. Litt. Dissertation, Kyoto University, 2002).
5 Nishida Tatsuo 西田龍雄, “Seika-go” 西夏語 in Gengogaku Daijiten 言語学大辞典 vol. 2 T. Kamei, et al., eds, Tokyo: Sanseido, 1989), p. 419r.
6 The system of phonetic transcription is given according to Arakawa 2002, pp. 59–61. ‘1’ means ‘high-level tone’ and ‘2’ means ‘low-rising tone’.
7 K. B. Kepping (Кепинг К. Б.), Тангутский язык. Морфология. (Moscow: Nauka, 1985), Gong Hwang-Cherng 龔煌城, “Tangut” in The Sino-Tibetan Languages (G. Thurgood and R. J. LaPolla, eds, London: Routledge, 2003), pp. 602–620, and Arakawa Shintarō, “On the Tangut Verb Prefixes in ‘Tiansheng Code”’ in Тангуты в Центральной Азии – Сборник статей вчесть 80-летия профессора Е.И. Кычанова, (Moscow: Издательская фирма «Восточнаялитература», 2012), pp. 58–71. In Nishida (1989: 420r), it is regarded as an ‘optative’ marker which is out of the set.
8 The surviving past of the text is less than half of the original volume. The total of Tangut characters is 17,612 (large: 3,135, small: 14,477).
9 Hereafter we show the place where the prefix is used in brackets. For example, ‘SM5, Ch. 14, HM10_257Al5’ means ‘In volume 5 of SM, chapter 14, on the 5th line of the left page, Plate A (the upper plate), p. 257 of HM vol. 10’. Plate B indicates a lower plate.
10 桂1‘a?- 1A besides being used as a prefix it represents grammatical function of ‘measure or unit’. In samples, it actually means “one”. 桂頂1'a? 2lyuq “one body”(SM5, Ch. 14, HM10_257Al5). The prefix 冂 2wI:- 1W is also used as an element of idioms such as “like, such as” 冂偶 2wI: 2syu “like, such as”(SM5, Ch. 13, HM10_251Bl1).
11 Hereafter, the author annotates all translations which differ from Kychanov's.
12 The ‘four seas’ implies ‘all directions’.
13 In Arakawa 2012: 63, based on the research of the prefixes appearing in other Tangut material, the Tiansheng 天盛 Code, the tendency of the kinds of verb following 1D is: lose, throw away, give, declare, damage, etc.
14 In Arakawa 2012: 63, the tendency of the kinds of verb following 1R is: do, make, go, etc.
15 In Arakawa 2012, Prefix 篠 2dI:- 3D is followed by verbs with related meanings, for example, ‘steal, capture, rob …’ i.e. to obtain something illegally or forcibly.