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Jerim League during the Late Qing Reforms (1907–1911) as a Case Study of Late Imperial China's Frontier Policy and Inter-Ethnic Administration research-article

Wang Yingzi (汪 穎子)

Central Asiatic Journal, Jahrgang 64 (2021), Ausgabe 1-2, Seite 119 - 132

When it comes to the creation of local identity, there are few factors that would outweigh the name of the surrounding country. Given the importance of the Mongol and Manchu populations during the construction of the Qing empire in the seventeenth century, it is not surprising that the Qing state took the utmost care when allocating administrative systems to these two key populations in Mongolia and Manchuria. The Mongolian Jerim League, for the most part of the Qing era, was controlled under a dual-management system, which allowed for both the League-Banner system and a civilian administrative system to coexist. As a consequence of the late Qing reforms (xinzheng 新政), the number of Han Chinese migrants entering the Jerim League territory increased significantly. The new demographic distribution warranted a series of administrative changes, leading to new institutions which appeared in the Jerim League. This region, bordering Manchuria, was divided in 1907 into the three jurisdictions of Shengjing 盛京, Jilin 吉林 and Heilongjiang 黑龍江 - mirroring the threefold division of Manchuria into the “Three Provinces of the North East”. While the Jerim League of Inner Mongolian region became absorbed into the new Manchurian provinces, the west part of Mongolian region maintained considerable independence - a division which continues to exist until this day.

This article argues that in order to maintain stability and to prevent the division of the Inner Mongolian region, the League-Banner system governing the Jerim League had to be adjusted, it becoming part of post-Reform Manchuria. The Jerim League reforms are therefore a case study of Qing frontier policy and of multi-ethnic administration on the cusp of the Republican era.

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