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Ila, Qada, and Qu the Hunchback: Three Jin Generals in Mongol Historiography

Christopher P. Atwood


Seiten 133 - 153

DOI https://doi.org/10.13173/centasiaj.64.1-2.0133




In the Secret History of the Mongols, §251, three Jin-dynasty generals are mentioned. Scholarship has traditionally read their names as Ile, Qada, and Höbögetür. Previous commentators have associated Ile and Qada with the generals known in Chinese as Ila Pu'a and Wanyan Heda, but have not been able to identify the so-called Höbögetür. Similar versions of these names occur in the Persian histories of the Mongol empire. This paper considers all the sources and produces improved readings for both the Mongolian originals and for the Persian versions of these names. The correct Mongolian readings of the names are Ila, Qada, and Qu Bögetür; the correct original for Qada's corrupt name in Persian should be Qadāy Wangšay. The paper then explores the many variants of these names showing how the variants document Kitan and Jurchen morphological processes. The name Qu Bögetür is explained as meaning “Qu the Hunchback”; this in turn may be identified reliably as the Jin general known in Chinese as He-Shilie Yawuta. The surname He-Shilie is shown through consideration of the Kitan and Jurchen versions to be equivalent to Mongolian Qu, while the “hunchback” (Mo. bögetür) is shown to be derived from the nickname which he acquired during his battles with the Song dynasty in 1206.



亦列、合荅以及豁孛格禿兒駝背曲:蒙古史學中的三位金將 《蒙古秘史》第251條提到金朝三將,傳統歷史學家名為亦列、合荅以及豁孛 格禿兒。以中文文獻為例三位將軍叫移剌蒲阿及完顏合達,但無法確定所謂的 「Höbögetür」。同類名字蒙古帝國的波斯歷史中見得到。本文參考了所有來 源的文獻,抱括蒙語和波斯語的文獻。這些名字的正確蒙古文讀法是「Ila」 、「Qada」和「Qu Bögetür」。「Qada」波斯語中的扭曲名稱正確讀法應該是 「Qadāy Wangšay」。其後,本文探討名稱的許多變體,以契丹語以及女真語 的語言形態過程。「Qu Bögetür」名稱的意思就是“駝背曲”,很可能表示金 朝將軍紇石烈牙吾塔。紇石烈之姓等於契丹語及女真語蒙文「Qu」姓;而綽 號“駝背曲”(蒙語「bögetür」)則是源於他在與宋軍打戰時獲得的綽號。


University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia)

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