- Jahrgang 64 (2021)
- Vol. 64 (2021)
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- Ausgabe 1-2
- Nr. 1-2
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- Seiten 119 - 132
- pp. 119 - 132
Jerim League during the Late Qing Reforms (1907–1911) as a Case Study of Late Imperial China's Frontier Policy and Inter-Ethnic Administration
Seiten 119 - 132
DOI https://doi.org/10.13173/centasiaj.64.1-2.0119
When it comes to the creation of local identity, there are few factors that would
outweigh the name of the surrounding country. Given the importance of the Mongol
and Manchu populations during the construction of the Qing empire in the
seventeenth century, it is not surprising that the Qing state took the utmost
care when allocating administrative systems to these two key populations in
Mongolia and Manchuria. The Mongolian Jerim League, for the most part of the
Qing era, was controlled under a dual-management system, which allowed for both
the League-Banner system and a civilian administrative system to coexist. As a
consequence of the late Qing reforms (
of Han Chinese migrants entering the Jerim League territory increased
significantly. The new demographic distribution warranted a series of
administrative changes, leading to new institutions which appeared in the Jerim
League. This region, bordering Manchuria, was divided in 1907 into the three
jurisdictions of Shengjing 盛京, Jilin 吉林 and Heilongjiang 黑龍江 - mirroring the
threefold division of Manchuria into the “Three Provinces of the North East”.
While the Jerim League of Inner Mongolian region became absorbed into the new
Manchurian provinces, the west part of Mongolian region maintained considerable
independence - a division which continues to exist until this day.
This article argues that in order to maintain stability and to prevent the
division of the Inner Mongolian region, the League-Banner system governing the
Jerim League had to be adjusted, it becoming part of post-Reform Manchuria. The
Jerim League reforms are therefore a case study of Qing frontier policy and of
multi-ethnic administration on the cusp of the Republican era.
考慮到蒙古和滿洲人口在17世紀建立清帝國時的重要性，清政府在蒙古和東北 地區這兩個地區建立以其主要人口為導向的行政制度時，非常小心也就不足為
奇了。而屬於蒙地的哲里木盟在清代的大部分時間裡，實行雙重管理體制，即 盟旗制度和民治管理制度並存。到了晚清，尤其在清末改革(新政)時期, 漢族
移民的數量進入此地區顯著增加。新的人口組成需要一系列的行政調整，也讓 更多新的民治機構出現在哲里木盟。而這塊與東北地區相接壤的蒙地，最終在
1907年被劃分為三部分，分別由盛京、吉林和黑龍江省進行管轄。當屬於內蒙 地區的哲里木盟被併入新政改革後的東三省時，西部蒙古地區則保持了相當大
的獨立——這種分裂一直持續到今天。
本文認為，為維護穩定，防止內蒙地區分裂，清政府選擇調整哲里木盟原 有的盟旗制度，使其成為東北三省行政管轄的一部分。由此，對於哲里木盟的
行政改革的探討是對清政府邊疆政策和多民族管理的一個個案研究
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