- Jahrgang 64 (2021)
- Vol. 64 (2021)
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- Ausgabe 1-2
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- Seiten 75 - 102
- pp. 75 - 102
Nuances of Disappearing and Destroying in Tocharian A: The Semantics of the Verbs näk-, wik-, mänt-, spärk-, nut-, and musk-
Seiten 75 - 102
DOI https://doi.org/10.13173/centasiaj.64.1-2.0075
There are at least six verbs of disappearance and destruction in Tocharian A that are often translated synonymously,
在吐火羅語 A 中，至少有六個表示消失和毀滅的動詞通常被翻譯為同義詞， näk-、wik-、mänt-、spärk-、nut- 和 musk-。本文提供的分析表明，näk- 是該 組中的“主要”動詞，示例數量最多，語義最廣，“破壞（包括物理）；失去一 些珍貴的東西（尤其是生命）；被摧毀；滅亡；消失（主要是通過消散或超自 然）”。 Wik- 具有更具體的含義，“消失（壞事）；”趕走，移除（壞事）”。 Spärk- 的含義也往往比 näk- 更窄，即“消失，消失（從一個人的視線中，而不 是超自然地）”。它的因果範式意味著“導致消失，去除；被破壞（不是物理上 的）”或“破壞過程的正常方式/功能[例如實現願望]’。最令人驚訝的結果是另 外兩個動詞 mänt- 和 nut- 可能根本不是所討論的詞素的同義詞。 Mänt- 意思是 “侵犯，玷污；生氣，罵人；被侵犯，被玷污”，nut-的語義一般可以描述為“結 束，被停止；停止，停止’。馬斯克-是唯一一個證據如此稀缺且信息量如此之 大的案例，以至於很難提供比“消失”更具體的翻譯；摧毀'。
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